https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01851-1
Regular Article
Dynamics of pulse-trains in an inhomogeneous three-mode nonlinear optical fiber
1
Department of Electronics, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Algeria
2
Radiation Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, P.O. Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
3
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Donghu College, 430212, Wuhan, China
a
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Received:
20
May
2025
Accepted:
8
August
2025
Published online:
18
August
2025
Abstract
We examine the formation and dynamical evolution of pulse-trains in an inhomogeneous three-mode nonlinear optical fiber which is governed by a three-component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation with varying Kerr nonlinearity, group velocity dispersion and gain/loss parameters. We find that the fiber system supports the existence of a class of nonautonomous optical waves describing the propagation of pulse-trains with 
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configuration which have unequal phases. We further show that at the long-wave limit, the obtained three nonautonomous pulse-trains degenerate to physically relevant nonautonomous bright-dark-bright solitons which are characterized by a linear chirp. Additionally, we demonstrate that the distributed second-order dispersion parameter influences the propagation properties including width, amplitude, phase, wave position, and chirp of the nonautonomous optical waves. The results show that the evolutional behaviors of the three nonautonomous pulse-trains are precisely controllable by choosing different profiles of the group velocity dispersion and fiber gain/loss coefficient.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
