https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01882-8
Regular Article
Computational study on mixing performance dependence to diametric ratios and inclination angles in cross-stream flows
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas Delhi, 110016, New Delhi, India
2
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, 110029, New Delhi, India
a
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Received:
31
May
2025
Accepted:
23
August
2025
Published online:
4
September
2025
Abstract
The present study has investigated a three-dimensional model of cross-stream flow with two inlets, the main and side, with pure air and a single tracer, respectively. The diameter and angle of inclination (θ) of the side inlet pipe are varied with respect to the main pipeline to observe the mixing behavior. The current study proposes an optimized method of selecting a specific range of diametric ratio (0.1 ≤ dr ≤ 1.0) and inclination angle (oblique with the central axis of the main pipeline) in case of a similar inflow rates in the cross-flow stream method. The study suggests diametric ratios based on the mass fraction (ξ) values to ensure optimal performance. For a lower range of mass fraction ξ < 0.5, the study suggests a lower diametric ratio range (0.2 < dr ≤ 0.4), while for a higher range ξ > 0.5, the study opts for higher diametric ratios (0.7 ≤ dr ≤ 1.0). The achievement of perfect mixing (ξ = 0.5) over a short distance requires attaining high-velocity ratios. This is addressed by employing smaller diametric ratios, which facilitate the desired high-velocity ratios, thus promoting efficient mixing even within limited lengths. The judicious selection of diametric ratios and the incorporation of obtuse angle orientation contribute to achieving superior mixing results.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
