https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01885-5
Regular Article
Computational study of blood flow and mass transport in stenosed arteries under pathophysiological conditions
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Silchar, Assam, India
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College Samastipur, Samastipur, Bihar, India
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
a
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Received:
23
June
2025
Accepted:
23
August
2025
Published online:
6
September
2025
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is driven by complex interactions between blood flow, mass transport, and arterial wall structure. This study presents a two-dimensional axisymmetric computational model to investigate hemodynamics and species transport in stenosed arteries, focusing on the porous characteristics of the arterial wall and the influence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, degree of stenosis, and endothelial permeability. The model incorporates non-Newtonian blood behavior and simulates the individual layers of the arterial wall: endothelium, intima, internal elastic lamina (IEL), and media with distinct transport properties. Our findings demonstrate that elevated wall shear stress (WSS) gradients, particularly in regions before the stenosis throat, create localized endothelial dysfunction, which may act as a "trigger zone" for plaque formation. The effects of hypertension and hyperlipidemia exacerbate LDL transport and accumulation within the arterial wall. The relationship between the degree of stenosis (DoS) and atherogenesis is non-linear; while moderate stenosis enhances LDL transport, severe stenosis is associated with reduced atherogenesis due to altered flow patterns. The investigation of endothelial permeability revealed a saturation effect in LDL transport. By incorporating these factors, our study provides new insights into the interplay between hemodynamics, endothelial permeability, degree of stenosis, and LDL deposition. The results underscore the importance of advanced computational models in predicting disease progression and informing personalized treatment strategies for atherosclerosis.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
