https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02003-1
Regular Article
Magnetohydrodynamic ferrofluid flow and entropy generation in a trapezoidal thermal system with a half-elliptical heater
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat 721171, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College Samastipur, 848127, Samastipur, Bihar, India
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, 333031, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
5
Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, 700106, Kolkata, India
a
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Received:
29
March
2025
Accepted:
2
October
2025
Published online:
13
October
2025
Abstract
This study numerically investigates magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow and entropy production in a trapezoidal-shaped thermal system with a centrally positioned half-elliptical heater. Fe3O4/water nanofluid is utilized as the carrier medium with the system subjected to a uniform magnetizing field. The evolved transport equations are solved numerically adopting the finite element method, with results illustrated through streamlines, isotherms, energy flux vectors, and entropy generation contours. The effects of key variables including Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), and orientation of the magnetic field (0° ≤ γ ≤ 180°) are systematically analyzed. From the results, it is observed that increasing Ra augments heat transfer and flow strength, while higher Ha values suppress convection. Magnetic field orientation meaningfully influences hydrothermal flow patterns and thermal transport dynamics. The trapezoidal geometry consistently outperforms square and inverted trapezoidal configurations in terms of heat transfer efficiency. Entropy generation analysis shows that thermal entropy production dictates the viscous as well as magnetic irreversibilities. The results of this study offer important comprehensions for enhancing thermal management in MHD nanofluidic thermal systems with intricate geometries.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
