https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01847-x
Regular Article
Bright and dark solitons for the (3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations in an optical fiber
1
Research Group of Nonlinear Optical Science and QuantumTechnology, Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, Wuhan, Hubei, China
2
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, GongQing Institute of Science and Technology, 332020, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
3
School of Crystal Materials (State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials), Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, China
4
Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, Wuhan, Hubei, China
a
syz@wtu.edu.cn
b
chenquan1977@126.com
Received:
19
March
2025
Accepted:
4
August
2025
Published online:
14
August
2025
This study investigates the propagation dynamics of optical beams with triple polarization components in nonuniform nonlinear birefringent fibers, focusing on the transmission characteristics and interaction mechanisms of vector bright/dark solitons within a (3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (vc-CNLSE) framework. By employing Hirota’s bilinear method, we derive the bilinear form of the vc-CNLSE and construct analytical vector soliton solutions. Through asymptotic analysis and graphical simulations, the interplay between diffraction effects and nonlinearity is systematically explored, revealing distinct phenomena such as stable soliton propagation, elastic collisions, and inelastic interactions. Notably, parameter modulation demonstrates the feasibility of dynamically controlling soliton behaviors, including amplitude adjustment and trajectory manipulation. These findings provide novel insights into soliton dynamics in high-dimensional nonlinear systems and establish theoretical foundations for applications in optical communication and ultrafast laser technologies.
Nan Li and Pengfei Wang are co-first authors.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
