https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01890-8
Regular Article
Hidden variable bivariate fractal functions and shape preserving approximation
Department of Mathematics, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur, South Ambazari Road, 440010, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Received:
10
January
2025
Accepted:
25
August
2025
Published online:
6
September
2025
In this article, we study hidden variable bivariate fractal functions and their shape preserving aspects. Its precise goals are: (i) to construct hidden variable bivariate fractal functions, (ii) to study constrained approximation by the proposed fractal functions, (iii) to develop 
-hidden variable bivariate fractal functions, (iv) to obtain the range-restricted hidden variable bivariate fractal approximants, and (v) to obtain sufficient conditions for positivity, monotonicity, and convexity preserving -hidden variable bivariate fractal functions.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
