https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01928-x
Regular Article
Evolution of density variations in a trapped atomic superfluid driven into turbulence
1
Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, IFSC – USP, 13566-590, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 77843, College Station, TX, USA
a
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b
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Received:
24
March
2025
Accepted:
5
September
2025
Published online:
17
September
2025
Abstract
In this work, we study the free decay of a turbulent trapped Bose gas by analyzing the temporal evolution of density variations extracted from absorption images. We introduce a parameter 
as a simple and experimentally accessible observable that captures the amplitude of density variations. After the driving is turned off, this parameter exhibits a clear decay, which enabled us to identify a characteristic relaxation time. Interestingly, this timescale remains nearly constant across the range of excitation amplitudes explored, while the magnitude of varies with the injected energy. Numerical simulations based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation reveal a qualitatively similar behavior, both showing a decay of density variations over time.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01928-x.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
