https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01943-y
Regular Article
Dynamical effects of Josephson junction on three-neuron cyclic Hopfield neural network
1
College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
2
Nanjing Hongchuang Geological Exploration Technology Service Co., Ltd., 210033, Nanjing, China
a
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Received:
30
July
2025
Accepted:
7
September
2025
Published online:
16
September
2025
Abstract
Existing literature has demonstrated that the unidirectional cyclic Hopfield neural network (CHNN) composed of three neurons does not present chaotic behavior. To address the issue of no chaos, a novel four-dimensional (4-D) Josephson junction-based CHNN (4-D JJ-CHNN) is proposed by introducing a Josephson junction into the existing three-neuron CHNN. The proposed model contains countless isolated equilibrium points composed of unstable node foci (UNFs) and unstable node points (UNPs). Through numerical methods, the control parameter related dynamical behaviors are revealed, and the initial state related coexistence behaviors are examined. The numerical results declare that the 4-D JJ-CHNN does indeed present chaotic behavior and is capable of generating homogeneous coexistence attractors, effectively demonstrating the dynamical effects of the Josephson junction. In addition, an FPGA digital platform is developed to implement the 4-D JJ-CHNN. The hardware experimental results confirm the numerically simulated results. As far as the authors are aware, the dynamical effects of the Josephson junction on the neural network have not been reported in the literature.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
