https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01966-5
Regular Article
Transmission and attenuation of the millimetre-wave OAM beams through the tissue layer
1
Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
3
School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11120, Belgrade, Serbia
a
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Received:
16
August
2024
Accepted:
16
September
2025
Published online:
23
September
2025
Abstract
The millimetre-wave communications as well as the orbital angular momentum (OAM)-carrying waves have been increasingly considered recently, within the beyond-5G (B5G) communications paradigm. In addition, possible biomedical applications of such waves have been foreseen. However, relatively detailed investigations of OAM beam behaviour inside the tissues are currently available only for optical frequencies, and those are still scarce. Here we contribute accurate numerical modelling of such problems, relying on the publicly available open datasets of tissue properties at the frequencies of interest, and a critical discussion and comparison of analysed cases. We obtained that the degradation of OAM modes in high-loss tissues is significant, about seven orders of magnitude at the propagation length of two wavelengths in air, in comparison with about two orders of magnitude for the fat tissue. At the same time, under the controlled incidence conditions, it did not significantly depend on the mode order which has been proposed in some works. The results are accompanied with the detailed discussions that should resolve possible discrepancies about the OAM wave propagation and provide adequate insights into the properties of the OAM waves.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
