https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02010-2
Regular Article
Hemodynamic analysis of Au–Ag hybrid nanofluid flow through curved stenosed arterial geometry: effects of heart rate, nanoparticle concentration, and wall elasticity
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, 788010, Silchar, Assam, India
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College Samastipur, 848127, Samastipur, Bihar, India
Received:
9
July
2025
Accepted:
30
September
2025
Published online:
13
October
2025
Au–Ag hybrid nanofluids present unique opportunities for cardiovascular therapeutic applications, particularly when flowing through curved stenosed arterial geometries. We explored how heart rate variations, nanoparticle concentration, and arterial wall elasticity influence hemodynamic behavior using computational fluid dynamics simulations. The curved arterial configuration creates complex velocity distributions and pressure fields that differ markedly from straight vessel behavior. Our computational approach evaluated flow patterns under physiologically relevant conditions. Au–Ag hybrid nanofluids exhibited concentration-dependent flow characteristics, with optimal hemodynamic performance emerging at specific volume fractions. Heart rate fluctuations between 60–100 bpm produced velocity changes from 0.0375 to 0.024 m/s, representing significant flow modulation during cardiac cycles. Nanoparticle concentration effects appeared in both viscosity characteristics and pressure distribution patterns throughout the curved segment. Arterial wall elasticity proved critical for flow regulation and wall compliance behavior. Compliant arteries (E = 2.5 MPa) achieved 30% greater wall displacement compared to stiffer vessels (E = 7.5 MPa). Wall shear stress peaked at 0.25 Pa under high elasticity conditions with φ1 = φ2 = 0.03, suggesting enhanced therapeutic potential. Maximum wall expansion reached 0.47 mm for compliant vessels while decreasing to 0.33 mm under stiffer conditions. These findings advance nanofluid-based drug delivery optimization and deepen our understanding of hemodynamic responses in complex vascular networks. The research addresses existing knowledge gaps by incorporating realistic physiological parameters and examining multivariable interactions affecting nanofluid transport in cardiovascular applications.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
