https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02014-y
Regular Article
Dynamic analysis of a GDP induced nonlinear financial system with two time-delay feedback
1
Department of Mathematics, Gauhati University, 781014, Guwahati, Assam, India
2
Department of Mathematics, Sonari College, 785690, Sonari, Assam, India
3
Research Center of Applied Mathematics, Khazar University, 1009, Baku, Azerbaijan
4
Mathematics Research Center, Near East University, 99318, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin10, Turkey
a
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Received:
1
April
2025
Accepted:
1
October
2025
Published online:
10
October
2025
Abstract
This study proposes a mathematical model of four state variables: interest rates, investment demand, price index, and gross domestic product (GDP). Two types of time delay responses against GDP changes and investment demand are considered. Additionally, factors such as government debt and economic uncertainty are introduced in the proposed financial system. The existence and uniqueness of the solution have been discussed. The economically feasible equilibrium points of the system are obtained, and local stability at each equilibrium is examined. It is found that the system is stable under certain conditions without time delays. The influence of time delay in investment demand and GDP change on the proposed financial system has been investigated. Numerical results are presented to support our analytical findings.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 91G15 / 91G80 / 91B55 / 91B74
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
