https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02125-0
Regular Article
Multi-strange and charmed hadrons: a novel probe for the QCD equation of state at high baryon densities
1
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
2
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
3
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
4
Helmholtz Research Academy Hesse for FAIR (HFHF), GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Max-von-Laue-Str. 12, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
a
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Received:
28
October
2025
Accepted:
6
January
2026
Published online:
16
January
2026
Nuclear experiments near and below the threshold of hyperon production have shown that the production of Kaons is a sensitive probe for the dense QCD equation of state. At beam energies up to 1.5 AGeV, strangeness production can probe the equation of state for densities up to approximately twice nuclear saturation. In this paper, we will discuss the possibilities of extending this range in density by the study of multi-strange baryons as well as charmed hadrons in the SIS100 beam energy range up to 10 AGeV. Here, densities up to five times nuclear saturation can be reached and the production of multi-strange and charmed hadrons shows a strong sensitivity to the equation of state. On the other hand, a precise prediction of the effect of the equation of state will require knowledge of the fundamental production cross-section near the elementary production threshold in p + p collisions which is yet not measured for the hadrons discussed.
© The Author(s) 2026
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