https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02144-x
Regular Article
Tribological performance and energy savings in sustainable machining of duplex stainless steel via hybrid Cryo-MQL
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Beşiktaş, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Information Technologies Research and Application Center, Istanbul Ticaret University, 34445, Istanbul, Turkey
a
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Received:
22
September
2025
Accepted:
19
January
2026
Published online:
30
January
2026
Abstract
The most reliable industrial uses of duplex stainless steels (DSS), including energy systems, maritime engineering, and chemical processing, are on the rise due to the material’s exceptional corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength. Tool wear is rapid, surface integrity is poor, and energy demand is high when machining these materials due to their bi-phase microstructure and high alloy content. This work analyzes the performance of these four cooling and lubrication techniques and compares their effectiveness in improving the machinability of DSS turning: dry, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL), cryogenic cooling, and the hybrid Cryo-MQL (CMQL). Extensive tests for tool wear, surface roughness, microhardness profiles, chip morphology, and machining energy consumption were carried out. CMQL was found to be the best among all methods, reducing tool wear by 54%, surface roughness to a lower level of 0.558 µm, and energy consumption by 32.3%, while increasing the subsurface microhardness by 31.7%. The results support the use of CMQL as an eco-friendly, high-efficiency alternative for the precision machining of DSS parts.
© The Author(s) 2026
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
