https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02193-2
Regular Article
From QCD-based descriptions to direct fits: a unified study of nucleon electromagnetic form factors
1
Department of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology, P. O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, Iran
2
Grup de Física Teòrica, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), and Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
a
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Received:
23
November
2025
Accepted:
6
February
2026
Published online:
19
February
2026
Abstract
We present a detailed study of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the space-like region by combining three complementary approaches: two GPD-based contributions and a vector-meson exchange component. By fitting experimental data, we extract the optimal weights and shape parameters describing the proton and neutron form factors. Global Padé-based fits are then constructed for four distinct groups of form factors, starting from local Taylor expansions and yielding stable analytic parametrizations over the analyzed t range. The combined framework provides an accurate and physically motivated description of nucleon structure within a controlled model-dependent setting across a wide range of momentum transfers.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
