https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02199-w
Regular Article
Immunological aspects of anti-edema lymphotropic and anti-neuroinflammatory therapy of patients with traumatic brain injury
Bukhara State Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
a
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Received:
9
December
2025
Accepted:
10
February
2026
Published online:
1
June
2026
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and disability, and the development of secondary brain injury, accompanied by neuroinflammation and cerebral edema, significantly worsens clinical outcomes. This study was conducted in the neuro-intensive care unit of the Bukhara branch of the Republican Scientific Centre for Emergency Medical Care between 2021 and 2025. A total of 85 patients with severe TBI were examined and divided into two groups: a control group (41 patients) receiving standard intensive care and a main group (44 patients), in which the anti-edema, lymphotropic and anti-neuroinflammatory therapy developed by the authors was additionally applied. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA on admission and on the 5th and 10th days of treatment. It was found that in patients in the main group, a statistically significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed as early as the 5th day: the level of IL-6 in blood serum decreased by 1.5-fold, and that of IL-8 by 2.2-fold. By the 10th day, a further reduction in the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was noted, on an average by a factor of 2.3 compared with baseline values (p 0.05–0.001). A similar trend was observed in cerebrospinal fluid, where IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations decreased by 2- and 2.8-fold, respectively. In the standard therapy group, the changes were less pronounced. The clinical efficacy of the proposed method was confirmed by an improvement in the level of consciousness on the Glasgow Coma Scale, a more rapid recovery of neurological functions, and a reduction in the severity of peri-focal edema as assessed by MSCT. In the main group, a return to consciousness was observed in 78.6% of patients, compared with 54.2% in the control group. Mortality rates were 15.9% and 41.5%, respectively. The use of complex therapy also reduced the length of stay in the intensive care unit from 17.4 ± 3.6 to 11.7 ± 2.4 days. The results obtained demonstrate the high clinical and immunomodulatory efficacy of the proposed treatment method in patients with severe TBI.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
