https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02247-5
Regular Article
Analysis of risk factors for disease progression in oligometastatic prostate cancer patients in a developing country
1
Department for Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
2
Clinic for Radiation Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
3
Department of Medical Studies, Academy of Applied Preschool Teaching and Health Studies, Ćuprija, Serbia
4
Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
5
Institute for Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia
6
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
a
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Received:
28
August
2025
Accepted:
3
March
2026
Published online:
18
March
2026
Abstract
Oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) is an intermediate state between localized and widespread disease. Patients with low metastatic burden may benefit from radiotherapy, which has shown improved outcomes in recent trials such as STAMPEDE and HORRAD. The study aim was examination of 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in OMPC patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radical radiotherapy. This observational cohort study was conducted at the University Clinical Center Kragujevac from June 2019 to November 2024. OMPC patients, with up to five metastatic lesions, treated with a ADT and radical prostate radiotherapy with standard fractionation regimens, were followed up. The length of survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, while the log-rank test was used to assess differences between groups. The influence of clinical factors on disease progression was evaluated using univariate analysis, followed by multivariate binary logistic regression. Among the 44 OMPC patients, the 5-year OS rate was 86.4%, and the PFS rate was 75.0%. Univariate analysis revealed that age, performance status, ISUP group, Gleason score, and initial prostate volume had an influence on disease progression. Multivariate analysis identified ISUP group and initial prostate volume as the most significant predictors of progression (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates excellent long-term outcomes in OMPC patients treated with ADT and radical prostate radiotherapy. ISUP group and initial prostate volume were significant predictors of disease progression, underscoring their importance in tailoring treatment strategies.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
