https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02299-7
Regular Article
Adaptation and complex matter aspects in the research of physical processes of dust formation during the rock destruction with extended explosive charges
Department of Geomechanical Foundations of Open Pit Mining Technology, M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Simferopolska St., 2a, 49005, Dnipro, Ukraine
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Received:
29
November
2025
Accepted:
27
March
2026
Published online:
7
April
2026
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of dust formation during the destruction of rock by extended explosive charges. Most existing studies of rock fragmentation are based on quasi-static approaches, which do not describe the dynamic processes occurring during blasting. In this work, the parameters of wave processes generated in the rock during detonation of an extended explosive charge are evaluated, and the main mechanisms responsible for dust formation are proposed. Dust formation is analyzed at several stages of the blasting process, including shock waves and strong compression waves in the rock, crushing and secondary fragmentation zones, zones of radial fracturing, stemming ejection, collisions of rock fragments, and quasi-static stress fields. It is shown that the principal mechanism of dust formation is the relative displacement of compressed rock elements. The minimum particle size is determined by the magnitude of stresses, the gradient of the stress field, and the rate of its variation. The results show that the minimum particle size depends on the width of the chemical reaction zone and on the distance traveled by the detonation wave. The main sources of dust formation are the crushing, secondary fragmentation, and stemming zones. Bottom initiation produces significantly more dust than upper initiation.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
