https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02312-z
Regular Article
Transition metal ion sensing in solution and gel: an approach based on multi-responsive benzohydrazide-functionalized N-glucosylamines
1
Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), 610 005, Thiruvarur, India
2
WSB University, Cieplaka 1C, 41-300, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
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Received:
7
December
2025
Accepted:
7
April
2026
Published online:
5
May
2026
Abstract
A class of benzohydrazide-linked 4,6-O-protected N-glucosylamine derivatives was synthesized under ambient conditions with good yields and characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy, and Density Functional Theory calculations. Anomeric forms of the N-glucosylamines were assigned from 1H NMR spectroscopy. These derivatives showed good gelation behaviour in aromatic solvents upto 1.0% w/v Critical Gelation Concentartion (CGC), where the driving force for gelation was determined to be non-covalent interactions, such as H-bonding, π–π stacking, and van der Waals force of interactions through different techniques: Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Scanning Emission Microscopy, and Variable Temperature-1H NMR. They also showed gel-sol transition in the presence of metal salts (0.20% w/v). In the solution state, they exhibited sensing toward Cu2+, Hg2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ ions. The limits of detection (LOD) for Cu2+ and Ni2+ were found to be 0.28 μM and 0.34 μM, respectively, making these sugar-based sensors good multi-responsive metal sensors that can be useful for metal detection in biological fluids and other natural pollutants with further structural tuning.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02312-z.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
