Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 172, 163-179 (2009)
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-01049-y

Quantum shot noise of conductors and general noise measurement methods

¹ Nanoelectronic Group, Service de Physique de l'État Condensé, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
² Mesoscopic Physics Group, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, ENS, 75231 Paris, France

Corresponding author: christian.glattli@cea.fr

Abstract

We review the quantum noise properties of phase coherent conductors, in particular the spectacular noise suppression associated with conductance quantization. We describe general techniques used to measure the tiny quantum shot noise current fluctuations at sub-kelvin temperature for low and high frequency.