https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2013-01811-6
Review
The use of magnetic fields in vertical Bridgman/Gradient Freeze-type crystal growth
1 Institut für Nichteisenmetallurgie und Reinststoffe, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany
2 Hanwha Q.Cells GmbH, Thalheim, Germany
3 Institut für Fluiddynamik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
4 Sintef Foundation, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway
a e-mail: olf.paetzold@inemet.tu-freiberg.de
Received:
17
December
2012
Revised:
5
February
2013
Published online:
26
March
2013
This paper outlines advanced vertical Bridgman/Gradient Freeze techniques with flow control using magnetic fields developed for the growth of semiconductor crystals. Low-temperature flow modelling, as well as laboratory-scaled crystal growth under the influence of rotating, travelling, and static magnetic fields are presented. Experimental and numerical flow modelling demonstrate the potential of the magnetic fields to establish a well-defined flow for tailoring heat and mass transfer in the melt during growth. The results of the growth experiments are discussed with a focus on the influence of a rotating field on the segregation of dopants, the influence of a travelling field on the temperature field and thermal stresses, and the potential of rotating and static fields for a stabilization of the melt flow.
© EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag, 2013