Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. (2022) 231: 2851-2864
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00589-4

Regular Article

MHD mixed convection on Cu-water laminar flow through a horizontal channel attached to two open porous enclosure

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
² Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, 35004, Doha District, Kuwait

^a Khaled.alfarhany@qu.edu.iq

Received: 31 August 2021
Accepted: 3 May 2022
Published online: 11 May 2022

Abstract

A numerical study was conducted to determine the impact of MHD on mixed convection of a Cu-water nanofluid in a horizontal channel attached to two open enclosures filled with a porous material is implemented in this paper. Uniform heat is supplied on the base of the two enclosures while the other walls are considered adiabatic. The finite element method has been utilized in this study to solve the considered equations and other numerical simulations that needed to be validated, assessed with previous papers to ensure that the model works correctly. Furthermore, this study considers a range of each of the Reynolds number (Re 25, 50, 100, 150, 200), Richardson number (Ri 0.1, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10) and the Hartmann number (Ha 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 50) at a constant volume fraction ( 0.08) and porous media properties (Da 10-2, and 0.7). The results stated that the strength of the streamlines, isotherms, and the average Nusselt number (Nuincreases with increasing values of the Richardson and Reynolds numbers while they decrease upon increasing the Hartmann number. The result shows that no big difference between cases 2 and 3, and the maximum enhancement in Nu is 9.84% in case 2 compared with case 1 at Re = 200, Ri = 1, and Ha = 0.