Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. (2022) 231: 2749-2759
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00607-5

Regular Article

Hybrid nanofluid flow around a triangular-shaped obstacle inside a split lid-driven trapezoidal cavity

¹ State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
² Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, 31952, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
³ Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
⁴ Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, 11952, Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
⁵ Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
⁶ School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 210044, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

^f dmscu2009@scu.edu.cn

Received: 27 October 2021
Accepted: 3 May 2022
Published online: 27 June 2022

Abstract

Numerical simulation analyzes the mixed convection flow of (aluminium oxide–copper–water) hybrid nanofluid inside a split lid-driven trapezoidal cavity. A triangular-shaped cold obstacle is placed inside the cavity. The horizontal base of the cavity is kept cold, whereas the side walls are chosen adiabatic. The thermally active upper wall maintained at a constant temperature is split into halves, and each half moves opposite to the other with constant velocity. Modeled equations are converted into a nonlinear system of partial differential equations. This system, along with incorporated physical boundary constraints, is solved numerically via Galerkin finite-element method. Attained results are also compared with the earlier publications to ensure validation and accuracy. To examine the effects of various pertinent parameters, various flow and heat transfer attributes like dimensionless velocity, stream contours, temperature, and isotherms, and local and average Nusselt numbers are critically analyzed. The outcomes of this examination will provide qualitative suggestions to improve the cooling mechanism of several electronic gadgets and thermal devices.