https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00664-w
Review
The European Spallation Source neutrino super-beam conceptual design report
1
AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Cukurova, 01330, Adana, Turkey
3
Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
4
Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR Demokritos, Neapoleos 27, 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
5
China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, 523803, Dongguan, China
6
CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
7
Institute for Experimental Physics, Hamburg University, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
8
Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
9
Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
10
European Spallation Source, Box 176, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
11
Departamento de Fisica Teorica and Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
12
University of Milano-Bicocca and INFN sez. di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
13
INFN sez. di Padova, Padua, Italy
14
Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
15
IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037, Strasbourg, France
16
Department of Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
17
The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
18
Department of Physics and Astronomy, FREIA Division, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
19
Cockroft Institute (A36), Liverpool University, WA4 4AD, Warrington, UK
20
Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
21
School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, 500046, Hyderabad, India
22
Pôle Théorie, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Iréne Joliot Curie (UMR 9012) CNRS/IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91400, Orsay, France
23
Department of Physics, Nagoya University, 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
24
The Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, 34126, Daejeon, Korea
y
marcos.dracos@in2p3.fr
aa
tord.ekelof@physics.uu.se
Received:
9
June
2022
Accepted:
24
August
2022
Published online:
16
November
2022
A design study, named 
for European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam, has been carried out during the years 2018–2022 of how the 5 MW proton linear accelerator of the European Spallation Source under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to produce the world’s most intense long-baseline neutrino beam. The high beam intensity will allow for measuring the neutrino oscillations near the second oscillation maximum at which the CP violation signal is close to three times higher than at the first maximum, where other experiments measure. This will enable CP violation discovery in the leptonic sector for a wider range of values of the CP violating phase 
and, in particular, a higher precision measurement of . The present Conceptual Design Report describes the results of the design study of the required upgrade of the ESS linac, of the accumulator ring used to compress the linac pulses from 2.86 ms to 1.2 μs, and of the target station, where the 5 MW proton beam is used to produce the intense neutrino beam. It also presents the design of the near detector, which is used to monitor the neutrino beam as well as to measure neutrino cross sections, and of the large underground far detector located 360 km from ESS, where the magnitude of the oscillation appearance of 
from 
is measured. The physics performance of the research facility has been evaluated demonstrating that after 10 years of data-taking, leptonic CP violation can be detected with more than 5 standard deviation significance over 70% of the range of values that the CP violation phase angle can take and that can be measured with a standard error less than 8° irrespective of the measured value of . These results demonstrate the uniquely high physics performance of the proposed research facility.
© The Author(s) 2022
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