https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00941-2
Regular Article
Explicit impacts of harvesting on a fractional-order delayed predator–prey model
1
Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, 711103, Howrah, West Bengal, India
2
Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Techno International New Town Rajarhat, 700156, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Received:
16
January
2023
Accepted:
2
July
2023
Published online:
28
July
2023
We propose a fractional-order prey-predator model with delay and harvesting. Comparatively, only a few analyses are made to explore the impact of harvesting on population fluctuation due to time delay and fractional order. Thus, our focus is whether harvesting effort can stabilize or destabilize the system by varying the fractional order or keeping it fixed. We have observed that fractional order influences the delayed system and the number of stability switching differently in the case of either predator or prey harvesting. Both fractional order and predator harvesting have a destabilizing effect, whereas prey harvesting has a stabilizing effect on the system. In addition, we observed stability switching induced by predator harvesting while keeping the delay fixed. Moreover, in the case of predator harvesting, when the carrying capacity of prey exceeds a certain threshold, the number of switching regions increases significantly. For yield maximization, we observe that maximum sustainable yield (MSY) exists for predator harvesting only; however, yield at MSY produces stable stock only when the time delay is minimal.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
