https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-01032-y
Regular Article
Velocity-dependent forces and non-hydrodynamic initial conditions in quantum and classical fluids
1
Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, USA
2
Department of Physics, Institute for Fundamental Science, and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, OR, USA
Received:
15
April
2023
Accepted:
10
November
2023
Published online:
13
December
2023
We consider a fermionic fluid in a non-equilibrium steady state where the fluctuation–dissipation theorem is not valid and fields conjugate to the hydrodynamic variables are explicitly required to determine response functions. We identify velocity-dependent forces in the kinetic equation that are equivalent to such fields. They lead to driving terms in the hydrodynamic equations and to corrections to the hydrodynamic initial conditions.
T. R. Kirkpatrick and D. Belitz have contributed equally to this work.
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