https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-024-01092-8
Review
Theoretical studies of collective rotations of deformed high-K isomers
1
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
2
Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 516000, Huizhou, China
3
National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
Received:
28
November
2023
Accepted:
11
January
2024
Published online:
31
January
2024
In this article, we have reviewed our theoretical studies of collective rotations of high-K isomers in deformed nuclei. As one of methods which we have developed, the configuration-constrained total Routhian surface (CCTRS) based on a macroscopic–microscopic model has been found to be a powerful theoretical tool to describe isomers and their collective rotations. The CCTRS calculation provides a straightforward self-consistent way to determine the deformation which can change with increasing the collective rotational frequency and/or seniority of the state. To overcome the pairing collapse of numerical calculations encountered in the conventional pairing approach (e.g., BCS or Bogoliubov pairing) due to weakened pairings with unpaired nucleons in isomeric states, we have developed the CCTRS method using the particle-number-conserved (PNC) pairing approach in which the pairing is treated with the methodology of the many-body shell model. The CCTRS is calculated in a deformation lattice with the deformation parameters (
, 
, 
). It is important that one should constrain the specific configuration in the CCTRS calculation, which has been achieved using the average Nilsson numbers to identify and track the single-particle orbitals specified in the intrinsic configuration of the isomer. With the CCTRS method, we have investigated many isomeric states and their rotational bands. As examples, we show in this review the calculations of collective rotational bands of isomers in rare-earth nuclei where rich data have been available. Furthermore, we have also developed a full microscopic configuration-constrained cranking model based on the Skyrme Hartree–Fock approach. Similar to the macroscopic–microscopic CCTRS, the pairing is treated by the PNC method to avoid the pairing collapse in pairing numerical calculations. As example, we show in this review the calculations of the rotational bands of 
W isomers.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
