https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-024-01234-y
Review
Machine learning in high energy physics: a review of heavy-flavor jet tagging at the LHC
1
Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
2
Ex-member, CMS Experiment, CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
Received:
25
March
2024
Accepted:
28
June
2024
Published online:
19
July
2024
The application of machine learning (ML) in high energy physics (HEP), specifically in heavy-flavor jet tagging at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments, has experienced remarkable growth and innovation in the past decade. This review provides a detailed examination of current and past ML techniques in this domain. It starts by exploring various data representation methods and ML architectures, encompassing traditional ML algorithms and advanced deep learning techniques. Subsequent sections discuss specific instances of successful ML applications in jet flavor tagging in the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC, ranging from basic fully-connected layers to graph neural networks employing attention mechanisms. To systematically categorize the advancements over the LHC’s three runs, the paper classifies jet tagging algorithms into three generations, each characterized by specific data representation techniques and ML architectures. This classification aims to provide an overview of the chronological evolution in this field. Finally, a brief discussion about anticipated future developments and potential research directions in the field is presented.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
