https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01502-5
Review
Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and neutrino flux models
1
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA
2
Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA
3
Institute of Gravitation and the Cosmos, Center for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA
Received:
5
September
2024
Accepted:
29
January
2025
Published online:
17
February
2025
In this review, we motivate ultrahigh energy neutrino searches and their connection to ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We give an overview of neutrino production mechanisms and their potential sources. Several model-independent benchmarks of the ultrahigh energy neutrino flux are discussed. Finally, a brief discussion of approaches for model-dependent neutrino flux predictions is given, highlighting a few examples from the literature.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
