https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01566-3
Regular Article
High-resolution simulations of nonlinear electromagnetic turbulence in tokamak devices
1
Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Anhui, Hefei, China
2
KTX Laboratory and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 250014, Anhui, Hefei, China
3
Weihai Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong University, 264209, Shandong, Weihai, China
4
SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, 264209, Shandong, Weihai, China
5
Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputing Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 250014, Shandong, Jinan, China
6
Advanced Algorithm Joint Lab, National Supercomputing Center in Jinan, 250100, Shandong, Jinan, China
a
liu_jian@sdu.edu.cn
b
xiaty@ipp.ac.cn
Received:
11
October
2024
Accepted:
4
March
2025
Published online:
12
March
2025
To achieve long-pulse steady operation, the physical mechanisms of boundary turbulence need further investigation. We employ the two-fluid model with flute reduction on BOUT++ to simulate the boundary plasma in Tokamaks. The space and time scales of turbulence reproduced by our simulations closely relate to the spatial mesh size and time step size, respectively. As an inherent time scale, the Alfven time is sufficient to resolve MHD instabilities. The spatial scale can be refined by increasing mesh resolutions, which necessitates larger scale parallel computing resources. We have conducted nonlinear simulations using more than 33 million spatial meshes with 16,384 CPU processors in parallel. The results indicate that while the decrease in parallel efficiency with an increase in core numbers does not necessarily lead to shorter runtimes, higher computational complexity improves parallel efficiency for the same number of cores. In addition, the mesh resolution required for convergence conditions differs between linear and nonlinear simulations, with nonlinear simulations demanding higher resolution. Besides finer structure obtained, the fluctuation characteristic of density similar to WCM, which is more consistent with the experimental observation, also shows the requirement for high-resolution meshes and large-scale computing in the future.
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Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
