https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01568-1
Review
Backgrounds in UHE cosmic rays and neutrino detectors
Department of Experimental Nuclear Physics and Cosmophysics, National Research Nuclear University Mephi (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse, 115409, Moscow, Moscow, Russia
a
mmikhailova@icecube.wisc.edu
Received:
14
September
2024
Accepted:
6
March
2025
Published online:
19
March
2025
Radio neutrino detectors in Antarctica and Greenland monitor huge ice targets in search of radio signals from neutrino interactions. The experiments are aimed at the ultra-high-energy range, where expected neutrino fluxes are low. Since radio backgrounds are inevitably present in radio detectors, from which rare neutrino signals should be distinguished, the background study is of great importance. The influence of background conditions on the neutrino detection efficiency requires the development of noise suppression strategies. The purpose of this contribution is to illuminate the known sources of radio backgrounds, their influence on neutrino registration and suppression strategies. The article summarizes the results of studying backgrounds, starting with the first neutrino ice experiment RICE and ending with the current experiments (RNO-G, ARA, ARIANNA). The paper enables a better understanding of different radio noises and demonstrates the opportunities of applying noise to detector calibration and ice model exploration.
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Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
