https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01765-y
Regular Article
Lindblad dynamics of deuteron motivated bound states
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Received:
11
March
2025
Accepted:
24
June
2025
Published online:
14
July
2025
The Lindblad master equation is a frequently used Markovian approach to describe open quantum systems in terms of the temporal evolution of a reduced density matrix. Here, the thermal environment is traced out to obtain an expression to describe the evolution of what is called a system: one particle or a chain of interacting particles, which is/are surrounded by a thermal heat bath. In this work, we investigate the formation of non-relativistic bound states, involving the Pöschl-Teller potential, to discuss the formation time and the thermal equilibrium, applying scales from nuclear physics. This problem is borrowed from the field of heavy-ion collisions, where the deuteron is a probe which is measured at temperature regimes around the freeze out temperature, while the deuteron itself has a binding energy which is much lower. This is known and often described as a “snowball in hell". We use a reformulated Lindblad equation, in terms of a conservative diffusion–advection equation with sources and therefore provide a hydrodynamical formulation of a dissipative quantum master equation.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
