https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01820-8
Regular Article
Dual regulation of medial septum in the hippocampal transitions from theta to non-theta oscillations
1
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
2
The Key Laboratory for Brain Computer Intelligence and Digital Therapy of Hebei Province, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
3
Department of Dynamics and Control, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
Received:
6
March
2025
Accepted:
19
July
2025
Published online:
29
July
2025
The medial septum regulates the prominence of theta and non-theta states in the hippocampus through Teevra and Komal GABAergic neurons, enabling dynamic transitions between theta and non-theta network activities that support memory encoding and consolidation. However, computational evidence for this mechanism is currently lacking. In this article, we propose a septo-hippocampal glutamatergic–GABAergic network model to demonstrate the pacemaker role of medial septum GABAergic neurons in generating hippocampal theta rhythms and reveal their modulation mechanisms underlying transitions to non-theta states. We show that Teevra cells regulate rhythmic inhibition to maintain theta oscillations and modulate sharp wave ripple generation, while Komal cells dynamically adjust the excitatory–inhibitory balance in hippocampal cornu ammonis circuits by controlling synaptic weights between pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-positive interneurons. This study highlights the dual roles of GABAergic neurons and deepens our understanding of the medial septum’s function in hippocampal state dynamics, potentially identifying novel targets for regulating memory processes.
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Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
