https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-900045-4
Regular Article
FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider
Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2
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A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (YerPhi), Yerevan, Armenia
2
Abant Izzet Baysal University (AIBU), Bolu, Turkey
3
Air Liquide Advanced Technologies (ALAT), Sassenage, France
4
Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
5
Akdeniz University (UAKDENIZ), Antalya, Turkey
6
ALBA Synchrotron – Consorcio para la Construcción, Equipamiento y Explotación del Laboratorio de Luz Sincrotrón, Cerdanyola del Vallès (CELLS-ALBA), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
7
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (UFreiburg), Freiburg, Germany
8
All-Russian Scientific Research and Development Cable Institute (VNIIKP), Moscow, Russia
9
Ankara University (Ankara U), Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
10
Applied Superconductivity Center (ASC), Tallahassee, FL, USA
11
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL, USA
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Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria
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Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
14
Baylor University (Baylor), Waco, TX, USA
15
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
16
Bochvar Institute of Inorganic Materials (VNIINM), Moscow, Russia
17
Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (BLTP JINR), Dubna, Russia
18
Boston University (BU), Boston, MA, USA
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Boğaziçi University (BOUN), Istanbul, Turkey
20
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY, USA
21
Brown University (Brown), Providence, RI, USA
22
BRUKER EST (Bruker), Hanau, Germany
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Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Novosibirsk, Russia
24
Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP), Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
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Centre d’Etudes des Tunnels (CETU), Bron, France
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Centre d’études et d’expertise sur les risques, l’environnement, la mobilité et l’aménagement (CEREMA), Lyon, France
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Centre for Industrial Studies (CSIL), Milan, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aubière, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/IN2P3), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
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Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Merdia, Mexico
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Cockcroft Institute (CI Daresbury), Daresbury, UK
37
Cockcroft Institute (CI Lancaster), Lancaster, UK
38
Comenius University (CU), Bratislava, Slovakia
39
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives – Institut de Recherche sur les lois Fondamentales de l’Univers Saclay (CEA/DSM/Irfu Saclay), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives – Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (CEA), Grenoble, France
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Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
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Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Superconducting and other Innovative materials and devices institute (CNR-SPIN), Genoa, Italy
43
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Superconducting and other Innovative materials and devices institute (CNR-SPIN), Naples, Italy
44
Cornell University (Cornell), Ithaca, NY, USA
45
Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de València (UV), València, Spain
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Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos and CAFPE, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
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Department of Energy (DoE), Washington, DC, USA
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Department of Physics, University of Tehran (UT), Tehran, Iran
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Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
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Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY ZEU), Zeuthen, Germany
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Dimtel, Inc. (Dimtel), San Jose, CA, USA
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Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale (DICEM), Cassino, Italy
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Duke University (DU), Durham, NC, USA
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Durham University, Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology (IPPP), Durham, UK
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Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems (DLNP JINR), Dubna, Russia
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Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ecotec Environnement SA (Ecotec), Geneva, Switzerland
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Ege University (EgeU), Izmir, Turkey
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Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Zürich, Switzerland
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Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Elle Marmi SARL (EM), Carrara, Italy
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Eskişehir Technical University (ESTU), Istanbul, Turkey
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Esslingen University of Applied Sciences (HS Esslingen), Göppingen, Germany
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European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
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European Scientific Institute (ESI), Archamps, France
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European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund, Sweden
67
Fachhochschule Südwestfalen (FH-SWF), Gelsenkirchen, Germany
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Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Prague (CU), Prague, Czech Republic
69
Fayoum University (FU), El-Fayoum, Egypt
70
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL, USA
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Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik (FIML), Dortmund, Germany
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Fuel Company of Rosatom TVEL (TVEL), Moscow, Russia
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Fujikura Ltd. (Fujikura), Sakura City, Japan
74
Gangneung–Wonju National University (GWNU), Gangneung–Wonju, Republic of Korea
75
Giresun University (Giresun), Giresun, Turkey
76
Gomel State Technical University (GSTU), Gomel, Belarus
77
GSI Helmholtz Zentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany
78
Gümüşhane University (Gumushane), Gümüşhane, Turkey
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Harvard University (Harvard), Cambridge, MA, USA
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Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Berlin, Germany
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High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
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Işık University (Isikun), Istanbul, Turkey
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I-Cube Research (I-Cube), Toulouse, France
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II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UNITH), Hamburg, Germany
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ILF Consulting Engineers (ILF), Zürich, Switzerland
86
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, India
87
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
88
Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
89
Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (CNRS/IN2P3/IPNO), Orsay, France
90
Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton, NJ, USA
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Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University (IAP), Frankfurt, Germany
92
Institute for Astro and Particle Physics, University of Innsbruck (UIBK), Innsbruck, Austria
93
Institute for High Energy Physics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute” (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
94
Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University (IMAPP), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University (INP BSU), Minsk, Belarus
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Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, USA
97
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing (IHEP CAS), Beijing, P.R. China
98
Institute of Machine Components, University of Stuttgart (IMA), Stuttgart, Germany
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Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN), Krakow, Poland
100
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica (AS), Taipei, Taiwan
101
Institut Jožef Stefan (IJS), Ljubljana, Slovenia
102
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain
103
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-UV), Paterna, Spain
104
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-UV), València, Spain
105
Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (IFT-UAM), Madrid, Spain
106
Instituto de Física, Universitat de València (CSIC), València, Spain
107
Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata (IFIMAR), Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enxerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (IGFAE), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
109
International Center for Advanced Studies, Universidad Nacional de San Martin (ICAS-UNSAM), San Martin, Argentina
110
Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, IA, USA
111
Istanbul Aydin University (IAU), Istanbul, Turkey
112
Istanbul University (IÜ), Istanbul, Turkey
113
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno – Sezione di Napoli (INFN SA), Salerno, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (INFN LNGS), Assergi (L’Aquila), Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (INFN LNF), Frascati, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (INFN LNLN), Legnaro, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari (INFN BA), Bari, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN BO), Bologna, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari (INFN CA), Cagliari, Italy
120
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN CT), Catania, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cosenza (INFN CS), Cosenza, Italy
122
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara (INFN FE), Ferrara, Italy
123
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN FI), Florence, Italy
124
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN GE), Genoa, Italy
125
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce (INFN LE), Lecce, Italy
126
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca (INFN MIB), Milan, Italy
127
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN MI), Milan, Italy
128
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN NA), Naples, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN PD), Padua, Italy
130
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia (INFN PV), Pavia, Italy
131
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN PG), Perugia, Italy
132
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Università di Pisa (INFN PI), Pisa, Italy
133
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1 (INFN Roma 1), Rome, Italy
134
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata (INFN Roma 2), Rome, Italy
135
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre (INFN Roma 3), Rome, Italy
136
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN TO), Turin, Italy
137
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (INFN TS), Trieste, Italy
138
ITER (ITER), Cadarache, France
139
Ivane Javakhishvili T’bilisi State University (TSU), T’bilisi, Georgia
140
Izmir University of Economics (IUE), Izmir, Turkey
141
Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität (JGU), Mainz, Germany
142
John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford (JAI), Oxford, UK
143
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia
144
Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (UWUERZBURG), Würzburg, Germany
145
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University (KSU), Kahramanmaras, Turkey
146
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
147
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Research & Development (LRD), Louvain, Belgium
148
Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (SKLTP ITP CAS), Beijing, P.R. China
149
King’s College London (KCL), London, UK
150
Kyoto University (Kyodai), Kyoto, Japan
151
Kyungpook National University (KNU), Sankyuk-dong, Republic of Korea
152
Laboratoire d’Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (CNRS/IN2P3/LAPP), Annecy, France
153
Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, Université de Paris Sud (CNRS/IN2P3/UPSUD/LAL), Orsay, France
154
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France
155
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Grenoble (LPSC), Grenoble, France
156
Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (CNRS/Sorbonne/LPTHE), Paris, France
157
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique (LLR), Palaiseau, France
158
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), Lisbon, Portugal
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Latitude Durable (LD), Geneva, Switzerland
160
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, USA
161
Linde Kryotechnik AG (Linde), Pfungen, Switzerland
162
Loughborough University (LBoro), Loughborough, UK
163
Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
164
Luvata Pori Oy (Luvata), Pori, Finland
165
MAN Energy Solutions Schweiz AG (MAN ES), Zürich, Switzerland
166
Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University (UJ), Kraków, Poland
167
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
168
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
169
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (MPP), Munich, Germany
170
Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), Paris, France
171
Monash University (Monash), Melbourne, Australia
172
MTA Wigner Research Centre for Physics (Wigner), Budapest, Hungary
173
Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi (MKU), Hatay, Turkey
174
Nankai University (NKU), Tianjin, P.R. China
175
Nationaal instituut voor subatomaire fysica (NIKHEF), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
176
National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos (NCSRD), Athens, Greece
177
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University (MagLab), Tallahassee, FL, USA
178
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB), Tallin, Estonia
179
National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (NRCKI), Moscow, Russia
180
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
181
National Science Centre Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT), Kharkov, Ukraine
182
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
183
Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NHM), Vienna, Austria
184
Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University (NBI), Copenhagen, Denmark
185
Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University (OHU), Nigde, Turkey
186
Northern Illinois University (NIU), DeKalb, IL, USA
187
Northwestern University (NU), Evanston, IL, USA
188
Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Novosibirsk, Russia
189
Otto-von-Guericke-Universityät Magdeburg (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany
190
Oxford University (UOXF), Oxford, UK
191
Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
192
Peking University (PU), Beijing, P.R. China
193
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (PI), Watterloo, Canada
194
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute” (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
195
Piri Reis University (PRU), Istanbul, Turkey
196
Pittsburgh Particle physics, Astrophysics & Cosmology Center and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh (PITT PACC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
197
Princeton University (PU), Princeton, NJ, USA
198
PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Inst. für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität (PRISMA), Mainz, Germany
199
Pusan National University (PNU), Busan, Republic of Korea
200
Queen’s University (Queens U), Kingston, Canada
201
RAMENTOR Oy (RAMENTOR), Tampere, Finland
202
Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
203
Riga Technical University (RTU), Riga, Latvia
204
Royal Holloway University (RHUL), London, UK
205
Ruder Boskovic Institute (RBI), Zagreb, Croatia
206
Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg (RKU), Heidelberg, Germany
207
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (RU), Piscataway, NJ, USA
208
Sapienza Università di Roma (UNIROMA1), Rome, Italy
209
School of Particles and Accelerators, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
210
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow (SUPA), Glasgow, UK
211
Science and Technology Facilities Council, Daresbury Laboratory (STFC DL), Warrington, UK
212
Science and Technology Facilities Council, Appleton Laboratory (STFC RAL), Rutherford, Didcot, UK
213
scMetrology SARL (scMetrology), , Geneva, Switzerland
214
Scuola Int. Superiore di Studi Avanzati di Trieste (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
215
Scuola Normale Superiore (SNS), Pisa, Italy
216
Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea
217
Sevaplan und Wurm Schweiz AG (WURM), Winterthur, Switzerland
218
Shahid Beheshti University (SBUT), Tehran, Iran
219
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, P.R. China
220
Shirokuma GmbH (Shirokuma), Wetzikon, Switzerland
221
Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
222
Southern Federal University (SFU), Rostov-on-Don, Russia
223
Southern Methodist University (SMU), Dallas, TX, USA
224
Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa CollegeUniversity of Delhi (SGTB Khalsa College), New Delhi, India
225
Stanford National Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA, USA
226
Stanford University (SU), Stanford, CA, USA
227
Stony Brook University (SBU), Stony Brook, NY, USA
228
Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Darmstadt, Germany
229
Technische Universität Dortmund (TU Dortmund), Dortmund, Germany
230
Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
231
Technische Universität Graz (TU Graz), Graz, Austria
232
Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria
233
Tel Aviv University (TAU), Tel Aviv, Israel
234
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Citadel), Charleston, SC, USA
235
The Pennsylvania State University (PSU), University Park, PA, USA
236
The University of Tokyo (Todai), Tokyo, Japan
237
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), Newport News, VA, USA
238
TOBB University of Economics and Technology (TOBB ETU), Ankara, Turkey
239
Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Tokyo, Japan
240
Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
241
Tri-University Meson Facility (TRIUMF), Vancouver, Canada
242
Tsinghua University (THU), Beijing, P.R. China
243
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute (TDLI), Shanghai, P.R. China
244
Uludag University (ULUÜ), Bursa, Turkey
245
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Culiacán, Mexico
246
Universidad de Guanajuato (UGTO), Guanajuato, Mexico
247
Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
248
Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
249
Universidad de los Andes (Uniandes), Bogotá, Colombia
250
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
251
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
252
Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
253
Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
254
Università degli Studi Roma Tre – Centro Ricerche Economiche e Sociali Manlio Rossi-Doria (EDIRC), Rome, Italy
255
Università della Calabria (UNICAL), Arcavacata, Italy
256
Università del Salento (UNISALENTO), Lecce, Italy
257
Università di Bari (UNIBA), Bari, Italy
258
Università di Bologna (UNIBO), Bologna, Italy
259
Università di Cagliari (UNICA), Cagliari, Italy
260
Università di Catania (UNICT), Catania, Italy
261
Università di Ferrara (UNIFE), Ferrara, Italy
262
Università di Firenze (UNIFI), Florence, Italy
263
Università di Genova (UNIGE), Genoa, Italy
264
Università di Insubria (UNINSUBRIA), Milan, Italy
265
Università di Lecce(UNILE), Lecce, Italy
266
Università di Milano (UNIMI), Milan, Italy
267
Università di Padova (UNIPD), Padua, Italy
268
Università di Parma (UNIPR), Parma, Italy
269
Università di Pavia (UNIPV), Pavia, Italy
270
Università di Perugia (UNIPG), Perugia, Italy
271
Università di Roma Sapienza (UNIROMA1), Rome, Italy
272
Università di Roma Tor Vergata (UNIROMA2), Rome, Italy
273
Università di Roma Tre (UNIROMA3), Rome, Italy
274
Università di Torino (UNITO), Turin, Italy
275
Università di Udine (UNIUD), Udine, Italy
276
Universität Hamburg (UHH), Hamburg, Germany
277
Universität Heidelberg (HEI), Heidelberg, Germany
278
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
279
Universität Siegen (U Siegen), Siegen, Germany
280
Universität Tübingen (TU), Tübingen, Germany
281
Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Aubière, France
282
Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
283
University College London (UCL), London, UK
284
University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien (UAS TW), Vienna, Austria
285
University of Arizona (UA), Tucson, AZ, USA
286
University of Basel(UNIBAS), Basel, Switzerland
287
University of Belgrade (UB), Belgrade, Serbia
288
University of Bergen (UiB), Bergen, Norway
289
University of Bern (UNIBE), Bern, Switzerland
290
University of Birmingham (UBIRM), Birmingham, UK
291
University of Bristol (UOB), Bristol, UK
292
University of California Berkeley (UCB), Berkeley, CA, USA
293
Davis (UCD), University of California, Davis, CA, USA
294
Irvine (UCI), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
295
San Diego (UCSD), University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
296
University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA, USA
297
University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA, USA
298
University of Cambridge (CAM), Cambridge, UK
299
University of Chicago (UCHI), Chicago, IL, USA
300
University of Cincinnati (UC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
301
University of Edinburgh (ED), Edinburgh, UK
302
University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, USA
303
University of Geneva (UniGE), Geneva, Switzerland
304
University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
305
University of Iowa (UIowa), Iowa City, IA, USA
306
University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Jyväskylä, Finland
307
University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS, USA
308
University of Liverpool (ULIV), Liverpool, UK
309
University of Lund (ULU), Lund, Sweden
310
University of Malta (UM), Msida, Malta
311
University of Manchester (UMAN), Manchester, UK
312
University of Maryland (UMD), College Park, MD, USA
313
University of Massachusetts-Amherst (UMass), Amherst, MA, USA
314
University of Melbourne (UniMelb), Melbourne, Australia
315
University of Michigan (UMich), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
316
University of New Mexico (NMU), Albuquerque, NM, USA
317
University of Notre Dame du Lac (ND), South Bend, IA, USA
318
University of Oregon (UO), Eugene, OR, USA
319
University of Rochester (Rochester), Rochester, NY, USA
320
University of Rostock (U Rostock), Rostock, Germany
321
University of Saskatchewan (USASK), Saskatoon, Canada
322
University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, P.R. China
323
University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran (USTM), Behshahr, Iran
324
University of Silesia (USKAT), Katowice, Poland
325
University of Stavanger (UiS), Stavanger, Norway
326
University of Stuttgart (USTUTT), Stuttgart, Germany
327
University of Sussex (US), Brighton, UK
328
University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Johannesburg, South Africa
329
University of Toronto (UToronto), Toronto, Canada
330
University of Warsaw (UW), Warszawa, Poland
331
University of Wisconsin-Madison (WISC), Madison, WI, USA
332
University of Würzburg (U Würzburg), Würzburg, Germany
333
University of Zürich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
334
University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
335
Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (CNRS/IN2P3/IPNL), Lyon, France
336
Uppsala University (UU), Uppsala, Sweden
337
Usak University (Usak), Usak, Turkey
338
Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU), Vienna, Austria
339
Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences (Vinca), Belgrade, Serbia
340
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
341
Washington University (WUSTL), St. Louis, MO, USA
342
Weizmann Institute (Weizmann), Rehovot, Israel
343
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (MPP), Werner-Heisenberg-Institut, Munich, Germany
344
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany
345
West Pomeranian University of Technology (ZUT), Szczecin, Poland
346
Wroclaw University of Science and Technology (PWR), Wroclaw, Poland
347
Wuhan University of Technology (WHUT), Wuhan, P.R. China
348
Department of Physic (ZIMP), Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Hangzhou, P.R. China
349
Zhejiang University (ZJU), Hangzhou, P.R. China
350
University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), Boulder, CO, USA
351
Pittsburgh University (PITT), Pittsburgh, USA
a email: michael.benedikt@cern.ch
b email: fcc.secretariat@cern.ch
Received:
20
December
2018
Published online:
4
June
2019
In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today's technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics.
© The Author(s) 2019
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.