Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. (2022) 231: 2695-2712
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00595-6

Regular Article

Magneto-hydrothermal performance of hybrid nanofluid flow through a non-Darcian porous complex wavy enclosure

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, 721171, Kolaghat, India
² Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Salt Lake, 700106, Kolkata, India
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
⁴ Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Air Force Institute of Technology, 45433, Dayton, OH, USA
⁵ Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, Kuwait

^b biswas.nirmalendu@gmail.com

Received: 8 November 2021
Accepted: 3 May 2022
Published online: 17 May 2022

Abstract

The present work elucidates the hydrothermal characteristics within a non-Darcian porous complex wavy enclosure saturated with ${\text{Al}}_2{\text{O}}_3$–Cu–${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ hybrid nanofluid considering a uniform magnetic field. The left sidewall of the enclosure is wavy and heated isothermally, whereas the other sidewall is maintained at ambient temperature, all other walls are insulated. The Forchheimer–Brinkman-extended Darcy model is implemented to analyze the flow through porous media. The dimensionless transport equations are numerically solved following the finite volume-based in-house computational code with successive staggered non-uniform mesh distribution. The hydrothermal behaviors are investigated meticulously changing the dimensionless variables like undulation amplitude ($\lambda$), Hartmann number (Ha), Darcy number (Da), and modified-Rayleigh number (${\text{Ra}}_{\mathrm{m}}$). The remarkable results reveal that enhancing the heating surface area by heightening the amplitude of the undulation always leads to higher heat transfer, but does not always favor the growth of the flow strength. The heightening of the flow strength with amplitude is noted for higher ${\text{Ra}}_{\mathrm{m}}$ only. The flow intensity, as well as heat transfer, increases with the growing ${\text{Ra}}_{\mathrm{m}}$. The same decreases with increasing Da and Ha. Local distribution of heat transfer characteristics shows complex behavior depending on the amplitude of the undulations and associated dimensionless numbers.