https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01772-z
Regular Article
Thermal performance analysis of magneto-nanofluid flow in a mirrored trapezoidal enclosure with distributed heating
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
2
Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
4
Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, 700106, Kolkata, India
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College Samastipur, 848127, Bihar, India
6
Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha, Kuwait
Received:
13
April
2025
Accepted:
25
June
2025
Published online:
9
July
2025
This investigation examines the thermal characteristics of CuO–H2O nanofluid within a mirrored trapezoidal enclosure under distributed heating and external magnetic field conditions. The enclosure contains hot, cold, and adiabatic walls, which create complex thermal conditions. The research responds to the increasing need for better thermal management solutions in energy systems through nanofluid applications. The analysis uses finite element methods to solve the governing equations. The study explores how varying Rayleigh numbers (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Hartmann numbers (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 70), and magnetic field inclination angles (0° ≤ γ ≤ 180°) on convective heat transfer, flow patterns, and entropy generation. The novelty comes from the detailed analysis of thermal performance and entropy generation in such complex geometry, which has received limited attention in existing literature. Numerical simulations show that increasing the Rayleigh number improves convective heat transfer, with flow patterns changing from conduction-dominated to convection-dominated regimes. The magnetic field reduces convective currents by 84%, lowering heat transfer rates by 35%, as shown by reduced Nusselt numbers at higher Hartmann numbers. The inclination angle of the magnetic field significantly changes flow structures, with counterclockwise rotation of the Lorentz force affecting streamline, isotherm, and heatline distributions. Entropy generation analysis shows the contributions of viscous (NSv) and magnetic (NSm) irreversibilities, temperature gradients, and magnetic effects, providing insights into system irreversibility. Key findings show that optimal heat transfer performance can be achieved by balancing buoyancy-driven convection and magnetic field strength. This study contributes to the advancement of nanofluid-based thermal systems, offering valuable design guidelines for practical applications in energy systems.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
