https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-024-01404-y
Regular Article
Magnetohydrodynamic natural convective flow of copper water nanoliquid inside a square cavity with heat absorption/generation
1
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, 522213, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Department of Mathematics and Computing, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, 144008, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Received:
10
May
2024
Accepted:
14
November
2024
Published online:
2
December
2024
The current analysis executes a numerical exploration of Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convective heat transmission in a square enclosure filled with copper–water nanofluid by considering the effect of heat absorption/generation. The left and right walls are kept as adiabatic, the top wall is presumed to be hot, and the bottom wall is adiabatic which has a cold slit in the center. Using a two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation in Cartesian form, the present analysis is theoretically modeled. To solve the governing constitutive equations in non-dimensional form, the Marker and Cell (MAC) approach is used. The MAC method employs a staggered grid where velocity components are stored at the cell faces, and pressure is stored at the cell centers. This arrangement helps in accurately enforcing the incompressibility condition (i.e., the divergence-free condition of the velocity field). The impact of the Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, heat absorption/generation coefficient, and nanoparticle volume fraction are examined to explore the features of free convective heat transmission within the enclosure. Results of these parameters have been graphically visualized by means of streamlines, isotherms contours, as well as local and mean Nusselt numbers. According to findings, the performance of heat transmission within the cavity is substantially influenced by the variations in the magnetic field’s strength, the volume fraction of Cu-nanoparticles, and heat absorption/generation. The average rate of heat transmission within the enclosure can be magnified by replacing the internal heat absorption with internal heat generation. The suspension of 
Cu nanoparticles into water boosts the mean rate of heat transmission of water by 
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
